Introduction of Impact of COVID-19 over UK Government & Economy
The COVID-19 pandemic started with an unexplained incidence of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and spread swiftly. PRC CDC investigated respiratory samples and found a novel coronavirus causing pneumonia (NCP). respiratory virus coronavirus 2019-nCoV [4] The ICVT named the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The WHO designated COVID-19 on February 11, 2020. On January 30, 2020, the WHO designated COVID 19 an SPHEC. Before, coronavirus erupted. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were previous outbreaks. COVID-19 affected 209 countries, including Pakistan. WHO confirmed 1,093,349 cases, 58,620 fatalities. USA, Italy, and Spain have the best records (Patel et al., 2021).
After spreading in China, COVID reached Europe in 1Q20. Many sectors will embrace public health measures by March 2020. First wave was global pandemic. Mid-April saw looser restrictions. Second, deadlier wave peaked in mid-January 2021 with UK-origin strain. UK launched COVID-19 vaccinations in 2020. By August 2021, restrictions were relaxed. A third wave, fueled by the new Delta strain, began in July 2021, although deaths and hospitalizations were lower. Omicron caused record infection levels by early 2021. (Atkins et al., 2020).
- Economists’ reaction
The efforts that governments all over the globe are making to stop the spread of the corona virus are going to have a significant impact on economic activity. The COVID-19 epidemic prompted the United Kingdom to declare an emergency on March 23, 2020(Khanji, Aung, Chahal, and Petersen, 2020).
It is anticipated that during a typical week of lockdown in May 2020, economic activity (as measured by GDP) would be thirty percent lower than in February 2020. The findings of National Statistics show that between April 6 and April 19, 2020, 23 percent of enterprises either stopped or postponed their activities, and over 60 percent reported declining sales. As soon as the restrictions imposed during the lockdown are released, normal economic activity will restart; however, the pace and patterns of this recovery are not yet known and will vary depending on the industry. According to McKinsey’s projections, the gross UK Domestic product (GDP) will decrease by 9 percent in 2020 (Tera, Marc and Vivian, 2021)..
UK Government Efforts in response to COVID-19
The British government responded to the COVID-19 epidemic with public health and economic initiatives. Devolution meant that Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland had distinct pandemic strategies than England. During the crisis, several legislation was passed.
In past years, the UK created a pandemic strategy. In response to the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in January 2020, the UK issued travel warning for anyone travelling from impacted countries and initiated contact tracing, which was eventually abandoned (Scally, Jacobson and Abbasi, 2020). As the virus spread throughout the nation in the following weeks, the government adopted further social restrictions, first opposing stricter measures established in Europe and Asia. Boris Johnson proclaimed the first national lockdown on March 23, 2020, and Parliament adopted the Corona virus Act 2020, which gave devolved governments emergency powers and allowed the police to enforce public health measures.
As governments lifted the stay-at-home directive, policies and practices vary. The Scottish government sought elimination. Localized lockdowns, social distancing measures, self-isolation legislation for people exposed to the virus, and face mask requirements were imposed nationwide, along with attempts to enhance COVID-19 testing and tracking. In fall and winter 2020, national lockdowns were implemented due to a rise in COVID-19 and the Alpha version. In 2020, COVID-19 vaccinations started. Mid-2021, the government eased most restrictions during the third wave powered by the Delta version, until the “winter plan” reinstated certain limitations in reaction to the Omicron variety. The government released a “living with COVID” plan on 24 February 2022, which abolished remaining limitations.
Businesses and furloughed workers have received economic aid to reduce the economic damage. It skipped the procurement procedure for contracts to address PPE and medical equipment shortages in the outbreak’s early months and to build a contact tracking app. Academic medical sources, media outlets, families of COVID-19 victims, and certain politicians have criticised the British government’s reaction, especially the timing of public health measures. The answer will be investigated in 2022.
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